Some Base III Japanese Grammar
Base III - koto ga arimasu - sometimes I do
Base III + koto ga yoku arimasu often verb
Base III + koto ga amari arimasen - don't often verb
Base III + tame ni - for verb's sake, in order to verb
Base III + yo^ ni - so that verb
Base III + koto ga dekiru - able to verb
P.F. + desho^ - Probably verb
Showing posts with label japan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label japan. Show all posts
Friday, August 22, 2008
Tuesday, May 27, 2008
TransPacific flight katakana and Japanese foreign writing systems, just kidding
To survive Japan on short notice, it will be helpful to know one of the three Japanese writing systems used in their shared communications. The third system of Japan's attempt to facilitate a writing system. It is called katakana and is used for any foreign words or any ultra modern or new words. It is to be distinguished from the other writing system, or hiragana which is used the learning tool for kanji, Japans words that are transmutable between two languages as vast apart as English and Japanese.Everyday business names especially the big car manufactures like Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Toyota can be written in katakana, and they are more common than other types of words. Anything foreign is written in katakana. Even the word for bread, which the Japanese borrowed from the Portuguese, pan, is written in katakana. That is everything which is foreign from traditional Japanese, occurring. The giant advertisements on billboards throughout the USA and Japan seem to ride on the same trans-pacific airway. Any place you would suspect or can actual see a product that looks like it then those are the first places you will be seeing the script--o-moji.
To survive Japan on short notice, it will be helpful to know one of the three Japanese writing systems used in their shared communications. The third system of Japan's attempt to faciltate a writiing system. It is called katakana and is used for any foreign words or any ultra modern or new words. It is to be distinguished from the other writing system, or hiragana which is used the learning tool for kanji, Japans words that are transliquable between two languages as vast apart as English and Japanese.Everyday business names especially the big car manufactures like Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Toyota can be written in katakana, and they are more common than other types of words. Anything foreign is written in katakana. Even the word for bread, which the Japanese borrowed from the portuguese, pan, is written in katakana. That is everything which is foreign from traditional Japanese, occurring. The giant advertisements on billboards throughout the USA and Japan seem to ride on the same trans-pacific airway. Any place you would suspect or can actual see a product that looks like it then those are the first places you will be seeing the script--o-moji.
To survive Japan on short notice, it will be helpful to know one of the three Japanese writing systems used in their shared communications. The third system of Japan's attempt to faciltate a writiing system. It is called katakana and is used for any foreign words or any ultra modern or new words. It is to be distinguished from the other writing system, or hiragana which is used the learning tool for kanji, Japans words that are transliquable between two languages as vast apart as English and Japanese.Everyday business names especially the big car manufactures like Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Toyota can be written in katakana, and they are more common than other types of words. Anything foreign is written in katakana. Even the word for bread, which the Japanese borrowed from the portuguese, pan, is written in katakana. That is everything which is foreign from traditional Japanese, occurring. The giant advertisements on billboards throughout the USA and Japan seem to ride on the same trans-pacific airway. Any place you would suspect or can actual see a product that looks like it then those are the first places you will be seeing the script--o-moji.
Memorizing your tango
How to Use Word Association to Master Japanese
A good goal when learning another language is to try to remember words so that you won’t ever forget them. That last sentence contains quite a lofty goal. You make absurd associations that are meaningful to you and in this way by making absurd associations between something that reminds you of the meaning of the word in Japanese but sounds like something you can relate to in English. The more absurd the associations, the less likely you are to forget them, unless you forget the association related to the words you are memorizing. Take the following for example: tanjo^bi = birthday, anchovies have birthdays too or tan Jo be chilling cuz it’s her birthday yo wassup! Mentally picture a tan person named Jo talking ghetto cuz she be this and be that! Go berserk on absurd.
I know what you are saying. This method is nutz, and you are correct but whatever it take to memorize a word quicker and will help you retain that word so that you might use it sometime later on down the line, then more power to it, non? Hopefully you are catching my drift about this style of word, phrase memorization but through another example or two you’ll catch on. You know what I’m saying. Get down and ghetto you can speak Japanese fluently only if you try. So this tan girl or guy named Jo be hunh? She be what? Who cares! As long as you can relate meaning to sound in a way that helps you remember the word until you reach the plateau of usefulness. Once a word that is new to you in another language is used, from the very first time to the 50th time, you get better with each use of the word.
Another good method I have found that when you are practicing your conversation skills, replace during the day any word that you would want and set aside 2 hours where you speak only in the target language at all costs. In all situations I find that even with minimal to limited vocabulary knowledge, speaking words in the target language is so critical to developing fluency I can’t bear not to scream in the language, and that wasn’t too good but it helped me. I found that sometimes I didn’t have to say or gesture a thing and everything that I wanted communicated was comprehended. Through gestures too someway or another you can always get your meaning across.
You have got to have an earnest desire, and a disciplined method of study, but I find that methods like these, albeit ludicrous or seemingly absurd techniques for learning a second language work wonders for my Japanese language progression.
So now what? Simple!
Let’s say you learned the word for paper that day, or you learned the phrase ha
o migaku, to brush your teeth, do you
Tell your mom or your roommates or whoever you live with that you are going to brush your teeth? You say to them in Japanese and to all who will listen and put up with your intense desire to speak fluently the Japanese language, IIE HA O MIGAKIMASU or something to that effect?
Japanese Word Association Examples
SURU – Suru was the guy who would take over the ship in Star Trek if Captain Kirk couldn’t be there, and he was a busy guy. Suru was the guy who always was doing something. Make an association between the verb to do, and the guy named Suru on Star Trek. You’ll never forget words if they are associated in a meaningful way to you. SURU in Japanese is the verb to do.
NEKO – imagine Cleopatra with a long neck and her long neck cat called necko or neko for short etc.
MIMI – the little girl whose ears were so cute you would always grab her by the ears O-mimi with the honorific prefix means the honorable ears, the ones affixed to your head.
DENKI – the electric light is so very tiny & dinky in Japan image etc.
Tofu can fly = TOBU means to fly, jump etc.
MUHO^SHU^ moo + hoe +shoe = free service, the cow said moo you ho, shoe get out of here this ain’t no free service – thus was born the word meaning free service - muho^shu
Young children often KURAI in the dark, I mean cry in the dark!
To sneeze is easy, in Japanese it sounds more like what we actually do than the English word to sneeze. In Japanese to sneeze is KURAKUSHON SURU.
The word for paint is already absurdly similar to the Japanese word Penki
Sometimes you as a language learner will succumb to certain idioms or language ideas that are too strong to shake. One example I know for me and a lot of other gaijin living in Japan was the word morau – which means, to get. So When speaking to other gaijin in Japan we would speak all English until some phrase came up where we said we got something from somebody or somewhere as in
I morau’d a nice silk tie from him. Or you’re always morau’ing some good stuff!
One of the first Japanese phrases I remember learning was the Japanese phrase for don’t mention it or You’re Welcome - the don’t touch my mustache or do itashimashite principle. I was told then that the way to remember how to say,” You’re welcome" was Don’t Touch My Mustache, which is basically the same as do itashimashite with a little effort put in.
Now don’t go overboard with the associations. Don’t be going hidari maki on us. There must be a point at which you can enter back into real study mode to pull out the real words you are after and not just what they sound like. Why would you do this? Because there will come a time when your speaking skills will not get any better until you start your journey into the Kanji. Ooh scary stuff. Just kidding, don’t let it scare you! Kanji is actually quite bitchin’ and rad!
As Always, Ganbatte Ne! Do Your Best!
Makurasuki Sensei
A good goal when learning another language is to try to remember words so that you won’t ever forget them. That last sentence contains quite a lofty goal. You make absurd associations that are meaningful to you and in this way by making absurd associations between something that reminds you of the meaning of the word in Japanese but sounds like something you can relate to in English. The more absurd the associations, the less likely you are to forget them, unless you forget the association related to the words you are memorizing. Take the following for example: tanjo^bi = birthday, anchovies have birthdays too or tan Jo be chilling cuz it’s her birthday yo wassup! Mentally picture a tan person named Jo talking ghetto cuz she be this and be that! Go berserk on absurd.
I know what you are saying. This method is nutz, and you are correct but whatever it take to memorize a word quicker and will help you retain that word so that you might use it sometime later on down the line, then more power to it, non? Hopefully you are catching my drift about this style of word, phrase memorization but through another example or two you’ll catch on. You know what I’m saying. Get down and ghetto you can speak Japanese fluently only if you try. So this tan girl or guy named Jo be hunh? She be what? Who cares! As long as you can relate meaning to sound in a way that helps you remember the word until you reach the plateau of usefulness. Once a word that is new to you in another language is used, from the very first time to the 50th time, you get better with each use of the word.
Another good method I have found that when you are practicing your conversation skills, replace during the day any word that you would want and set aside 2 hours where you speak only in the target language at all costs. In all situations I find that even with minimal to limited vocabulary knowledge, speaking words in the target language is so critical to developing fluency I can’t bear not to scream in the language, and that wasn’t too good but it helped me. I found that sometimes I didn’t have to say or gesture a thing and everything that I wanted communicated was comprehended. Through gestures too someway or another you can always get your meaning across.
You have got to have an earnest desire, and a disciplined method of study, but I find that methods like these, albeit ludicrous or seemingly absurd techniques for learning a second language work wonders for my Japanese language progression.
So now what? Simple!
Let’s say you learned the word for paper that day, or you learned the phrase ha
o migaku, to brush your teeth, do you
Tell your mom or your roommates or whoever you live with that you are going to brush your teeth? You say to them in Japanese and to all who will listen and put up with your intense desire to speak fluently the Japanese language, IIE HA O MIGAKIMASU or something to that effect?
Japanese Word Association Examples
SURU – Suru was the guy who would take over the ship in Star Trek if Captain Kirk couldn’t be there, and he was a busy guy. Suru was the guy who always was doing something. Make an association between the verb to do, and the guy named Suru on Star Trek. You’ll never forget words if they are associated in a meaningful way to you. SURU in Japanese is the verb to do.
NEKO – imagine Cleopatra with a long neck and her long neck cat called necko or neko for short etc.
MIMI – the little girl whose ears were so cute you would always grab her by the ears O-mimi with the honorific prefix means the honorable ears, the ones affixed to your head.
DENKI – the electric light is so very tiny & dinky in Japan image etc.
Tofu can fly = TOBU means to fly, jump etc.
MUHO^SHU^ moo + hoe +shoe = free service, the cow said moo you ho, shoe get out of here this ain’t no free service – thus was born the word meaning free service - muho^shu
Young children often KURAI in the dark, I mean cry in the dark!
To sneeze is easy, in Japanese it sounds more like what we actually do than the English word to sneeze. In Japanese to sneeze is KURAKUSHON SURU.
The word for paint is already absurdly similar to the Japanese word Penki
Sometimes you as a language learner will succumb to certain idioms or language ideas that are too strong to shake. One example I know for me and a lot of other gaijin living in Japan was the word morau – which means, to get. So When speaking to other gaijin in Japan we would speak all English until some phrase came up where we said we got something from somebody or somewhere as in
I morau’d a nice silk tie from him. Or you’re always morau’ing some good stuff!
One of the first Japanese phrases I remember learning was the Japanese phrase for don’t mention it or You’re Welcome - the don’t touch my mustache or do itashimashite principle. I was told then that the way to remember how to say,” You’re welcome" was Don’t Touch My Mustache, which is basically the same as do itashimashite with a little effort put in.
Now don’t go overboard with the associations. Don’t be going hidari maki on us. There must be a point at which you can enter back into real study mode to pull out the real words you are after and not just what they sound like. Why would you do this? Because there will come a time when your speaking skills will not get any better until you start your journey into the Kanji. Ooh scary stuff. Just kidding, don’t let it scare you! Kanji is actually quite bitchin’ and rad!
As Always, Ganbatte Ne! Do Your Best!
Makurasuki Sensei
Japanese Grammar Te oku
Japanese Plug and Play Ghetto Grammar or JPPGG©
Lesson #101: Verb (base TE) + Oku – To verb for later
By Makurasuki Sensei, Brett McCluskey
When translating from Japanese to English, whether text or spoken conversation, there are times when it is quite impossible to extract an exact equivalent or expression having the same meaning in both languages. Today’s lesson is will focus on one such grammar principle. This particular bunpo will take a little more time for westerners to absorb than some of the easier Japanese grammar.
Today’s bunpo uses the verb oku. Knowing the meaning of this verb and how it is used by itself will help in understanding the meanings of the sentences and phrases we can make with today’s grammar construction, however as I have said before this particular grammar has nuances and meaning which cannot be expressed with an exact equivalent. As Always, Do Your Best. Ganbatte Ne!
Verb (base TE) + Oku - To verb for later
Oku means to put, place; lay down, leave (it as it is), or the biggie in relation to how we will use it in today’s bunpo is to pawn. Oku, the verb, in and of itself, is easy to understand. For example, to say,
“I will place the cup on the table” you could say, “Te^buru no ue ni kappu o oku”, or “Te^buru no ue ni kappu o okimasu.” Polite version
Here is another example of using oku the verb.
“Please put it over there.” or, “Asoko ni oite* kudasai”.
*If you need a refresher of how to put verbs into base TE, please see. http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-Japanese-Grammar-To-The-Tune-Of-Silver-Bells&id=493900. In general the verb oku means to place an object somewhere or to put something in its place, or spot etc. However, when sentences are constructed using the verb (base TE) + oku bunpo, the meanings of the possible sentences are not so easily derived. When a verb is put into base TE followed by oku the meaning extract to pawn. Let us go over in our minds how we ue the word pawn in English. We pawn jewelry at the pawn shop etc. People use other people as pawns in their grand scheme. Pawning means in the base Te + oku sense to give something to someone to hold as a sort of ransom for return later on. I hope you get my drift, or wakaru? (See http://squidoo.com/japponics/
Ex. 1. Sara o aratte okimasu – (I, he, she, it etc.) will do the dishes (so that I will have clean ones to use later on) for later.
Ex. 2. Te^buru no ue ni kappu o oite okimasu – I’ll set the cup on the table for later (just in case). This uses the verb oku inside of the verb (base TE) + oku bunpo. Yes lot’s of interesting ways to use this bunpo. Oku in base TE is oite + oku = oite okimasu
Ex. 3. Azukatte okimasho^ ka? Shall I hold this for you for later? Shall I take this in my care and hold it for you until you come back?
Ex. 4 Shitokan to akan yo! *see http://squidoo.com/ghettogrammar/ – You better frikkin' do this or things ain’t going to be good later on! This is an abbreviated version of what should be shite okanai to ikemasen in Hakata Dialect, but is often heard in that region.
Lesson #101: Verb (base TE) + Oku – To verb for later
By Makurasuki Sensei, Brett McCluskey
When translating from Japanese to English, whether text or spoken conversation, there are times when it is quite impossible to extract an exact equivalent or expression having the same meaning in both languages. Today’s lesson is will focus on one such grammar principle. This particular bunpo will take a little more time for westerners to absorb than some of the easier Japanese grammar.
Today’s bunpo uses the verb oku. Knowing the meaning of this verb and how it is used by itself will help in understanding the meanings of the sentences and phrases we can make with today’s grammar construction, however as I have said before this particular grammar has nuances and meaning which cannot be expressed with an exact equivalent. As Always, Do Your Best. Ganbatte Ne!
Verb (base TE) + Oku - To verb for later
Oku means to put, place; lay down, leave (it as it is), or the biggie in relation to how we will use it in today’s bunpo is to pawn. Oku, the verb, in and of itself, is easy to understand. For example, to say,
“I will place the cup on the table” you could say, “Te^buru no ue ni kappu o oku”, or “Te^buru no ue ni kappu o okimasu.” Polite version
Here is another example of using oku the verb.
“Please put it over there.” or, “Asoko ni oite* kudasai”.
*If you need a refresher of how to put verbs into base TE, please see. http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-Japanese-Grammar-To-The-Tune-Of-Silver-Bells&id=493900. In general the verb oku means to place an object somewhere or to put something in its place, or spot etc. However, when sentences are constructed using the verb (base TE) + oku bunpo, the meanings of the possible sentences are not so easily derived. When a verb is put into base TE followed by oku the meaning extract to pawn. Let us go over in our minds how we ue the word pawn in English. We pawn jewelry at the pawn shop etc. People use other people as pawns in their grand scheme. Pawning means in the base Te + oku sense to give something to someone to hold as a sort of ransom for return later on. I hope you get my drift, or wakaru? (See http://squidoo.com/japponics/
Ex. 1. Sara o aratte okimasu – (I, he, she, it etc.) will do the dishes (so that I will have clean ones to use later on) for later.
Ex. 2. Te^buru no ue ni kappu o oite okimasu – I’ll set the cup on the table for later (just in case). This uses the verb oku inside of the verb (base TE) + oku bunpo. Yes lot’s of interesting ways to use this bunpo. Oku in base TE is oite + oku = oite okimasu
Ex. 3. Azukatte okimasho^ ka? Shall I hold this for you for later? Shall I take this in my care and hold it for you until you come back?
Ex. 4 Shitokan to akan yo! *see http://squidoo.com/ghettogrammar/ – You better frikkin' do this or things ain’t going to be good later on! This is an abbreviated version of what should be shite okanai to ikemasen in Hakata Dialect, but is often heard in that region.
Japanese Grammar 101 again
GhettoGrammar Lesson #100 - Have you ever ... verbed... (before)?
The koto ga aru construction will be useful in many different situations where you may want to strike up a conversation with someone. Through this construction you will be able to ask questions like, "Have you ever been to Hokkaido", or "Have you ever snowboarded, windsurfed, hang glided, sky jumped, base jumped, bungie jumped, eaten a rhubarb pie or seen a bear in the woods?"
In different scenarios. a very useful grammar construction that I find myself using quite a lot. This bunpo will come in handy in your daily Japanese conversations.
The construction is as follows:
Verb (Base TA) Koto ga arimasu ka? Have you ever ...verbed...?
Put the verb in your question into base TA then add koto ga aru where aru can assume various levels of politeness. I think it will be better understand through examples so here goes.
ex.1 Have you ever been to Disneyland? Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasu ka?
The verb in example 1 is iku - to go. Put into base TA iku becomes itta. Add koto ga aru where aru has been changed to it's more polite form arimasu and presto instant have you ever verbed.
ex. 2. Have you ever drank sake before? Sake o nonda koto ga arimasu ka?
notice that in this grammatical construction the verb is always in past tense, so in the first example we have to go in past tense or its equivalent been while in example 2. we have drink in its past tense of drank followed by the addition of koto ga aru which literally means to have such a thing of...etc
If you need to reply to such a question as, "Have you ever drank sake before?" with a negative response simply change aru to its present negative form either in plain form or in any of its levels of politeness ever gozaru. So that one response to example 2. could be Iie, sake o nonda koto ga arimasen, or, No, I have never taken a drink of sake before.
Possible responses to example 1.
a. Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasu (I have been to Disneyland before) or
b. Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasen. (I haven't been to Dinsneyland Before)
As always, Do Your Best! Ganbatte Ne!
Makurasuki Sensei and the Jappermon Grammatical Society Unorthodox Civilians for Careful Considerate obvservation of Japanese language learning
The koto ga aru construction will be useful in many different situations where you may want to strike up a conversation with someone. Through this construction you will be able to ask questions like, "Have you ever been to Hokkaido", or "Have you ever snowboarded, windsurfed, hang glided, sky jumped, base jumped, bungie jumped, eaten a rhubarb pie or seen a bear in the woods?"
In different scenarios. a very useful grammar construction that I find myself using quite a lot. This bunpo will come in handy in your daily Japanese conversations.
The construction is as follows:
Verb (Base TA) Koto ga arimasu ka? Have you ever ...verbed...?
Put the verb in your question into base TA then add koto ga aru where aru can assume various levels of politeness. I think it will be better understand through examples so here goes.
ex.1 Have you ever been to Disneyland? Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasu ka?
The verb in example 1 is iku - to go. Put into base TA iku becomes itta. Add koto ga aru where aru has been changed to it's more polite form arimasu and presto instant have you ever verbed.
ex. 2. Have you ever drank sake before? Sake o nonda koto ga arimasu ka?
notice that in this grammatical construction the verb is always in past tense, so in the first example we have to go in past tense or its equivalent been while in example 2. we have drink in its past tense of drank followed by the addition of koto ga aru which literally means to have such a thing of...etc
If you need to reply to such a question as, "Have you ever drank sake before?" with a negative response simply change aru to its present negative form either in plain form or in any of its levels of politeness ever gozaru. So that one response to example 2. could be Iie, sake o nonda koto ga arimasen, or, No, I have never taken a drink of sake before.
Possible responses to example 1.
a. Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasu (I have been to Disneyland before) or
b. Dizunirando ni itta koto ga arimasen. (I haven't been to Dinsneyland Before)
As always, Do Your Best! Ganbatte Ne!
Makurasuki Sensei and the Jappermon Grammatical Society Unorthodox Civilians for Careful Considerate obvservation of Japanese language learning
Japanese Vocabulary
Japanese Vocabulary Blaster #25
15 Words Every 2 Days.
Learn, Memorize, Study, Ponder
Rinse, Get Quizzed, Repeat
Now Blast!
1. boeki - trade
2. teian - suggestion
3. teian suru – to suggest
4. kemushi - caterpillar
5. kitai hazure – let down
6. kigen ga kireru – time limit, expiration date
7. kyo^ryo^ku suru – to cooperate
8. doryo^ku suru – to try
9. giri no oto^san* – father-in-law
10. nokogiri – a saw
11. jika – ear doctor
12. jibika – ear and throat doctor
13.songai - damage
14. tsune = itsumo, usually, always, commonly
15. noritsu - efficicient
As Always,
Ganbatte Ne!
Do Your Best!
Makurasuki Sensei
*To see the list of the last 15 words you should have already memorized go to
Japanese Vocabulary 24 or go on to memorize your next 15 here at
Japanese Vocabulary 26
http://squidutils.com/lensmaster/brettkun.rss
15 Words Every 2 Days.
Learn, Memorize, Study, Ponder
Rinse, Get Quizzed, Repeat
Now Blast!
1. boeki - trade
2. teian - suggestion
3. teian suru – to suggest
4. kemushi - caterpillar
5. kitai hazure – let down
6. kigen ga kireru – time limit, expiration date
7. kyo^ryo^ku suru – to cooperate
8. doryo^ku suru – to try
9. giri no oto^san* – father-in-law
10. nokogiri – a saw
11. jika – ear doctor
12. jibika – ear and throat doctor
13.songai - damage
14. tsune = itsumo, usually, always, commonly
15. noritsu - efficicient
As Always,
Ganbatte Ne!
Do Your Best!
Makurasuki Sensei
*To see the list of the last 15 words you should have already memorized go to
Japanese Vocabulary 24 or go on to memorize your next 15 here at
Japanese Vocabulary 26
http://squidutils.com/lensmaster/brettkun.rss
The Japanese Gerund
Japanese Grammar Made Easy – Base TE-て
By Brett McCluskey
Lesson #18 Insights on learning how to use the Base TE-て form of the verb.
Remembering how verbs are put into base te can be a challenging part of Japanese Grammar, but by singing the following syllables in the following order to the music of Silver Bells will help you better remember which verb ending syllable goes with what te ending.
(To be done to the music of Silver Bells, Bing Crosby’s version works well)
BU MU NU NDE
U TSU RU TTE
KU ITE
GU IDE
That’s the way we put verbs in base te ------
(Play it again Sam) repeat
*Verbs ending in BU, MU, or NU become NDE. Verbs ending in U, TSU, RU become TTE or. Verbs ending in KU become ITE and verbs ending in GU become IDE.
Verbs ending in these syllables
Become these base Te endings
BU, MU, NU
NDE
U, TSU, RU
TTE
KU
ITE
GU
IDE
Here are a few examples of putting a verb into base te. The first example, asobu ends in bu so you can either use the above chart or sing the song!
Ex. 1. asobu - to play – becomes asonde
1. asonde iru = playing
2. asonde kudasai = please play
3. asonde wa naranai = you can’t play here, its against the rules to play
Ex. 2. kamu – to chew – becomes kande
1. kande iru – chewing
2. kande kudasai – please chew
3. kande wa naranai – you mustn’t chew
Ex. 3. shinu - to die – becomes shinde
1. shinde iru – dying
2. shinde kudasai – please die
3. shinde wa naranai – you mustn’t die
Ex 4. harau – to pay - becomes haratte
1. haratte iru – paying
2. haratte kudasai – please pay
3. haratte wa naranai – you had better not pay.
Ex 5. inoru – to pray – becomes inotte
1. inotte iru – praying
2. inotte kudasai – please pray
3. inotte wa naranai – its bad to pray here
Ex 6. utsu – to hit becomes utte
1. utte iru – hitting
2. utte kudasai – please hit
3. utte wa naranai - its bad to hit here
Ex 7. hataraku – to work – becomes hataraite
1. hataraite iru – working
2. hataraite kudasai – please work
3. hataraite wa naranai – it is forbidden for you to work.
Ex 8. oyogu – to swim – becomes oyoide
1. oyoide iru – swimming
2. oyoide kudasai – please swim
3. oyoide wa naranai – you shouldn’t swim around here
Ganbatte ne! Do your best
Makuarsuki Sensei yori,
By Brett McCluskey
Lesson #18 Insights on learning how to use the Base TE-て form of the verb.
Remembering how verbs are put into base te can be a challenging part of Japanese Grammar, but by singing the following syllables in the following order to the music of Silver Bells will help you better remember which verb ending syllable goes with what te ending.
(To be done to the music of Silver Bells, Bing Crosby’s version works well)
BU MU NU NDE
U TSU RU TTE
KU ITE
GU IDE
That’s the way we put verbs in base te ------
(Play it again Sam) repeat
*Verbs ending in BU, MU, or NU become NDE. Verbs ending in U, TSU, RU become TTE or. Verbs ending in KU become ITE and verbs ending in GU become IDE.
Verbs ending in these syllables
Become these base Te endings
BU, MU, NU
NDE
U, TSU, RU
TTE
KU
ITE
GU
IDE
Here are a few examples of putting a verb into base te. The first example, asobu ends in bu so you can either use the above chart or sing the song!
Ex. 1. asobu - to play – becomes asonde
1. asonde iru = playing
2. asonde kudasai = please play
3. asonde wa naranai = you can’t play here, its against the rules to play
Ex. 2. kamu – to chew – becomes kande
1. kande iru – chewing
2. kande kudasai – please chew
3. kande wa naranai – you mustn’t chew
Ex. 3. shinu - to die – becomes shinde
1. shinde iru – dying
2. shinde kudasai – please die
3. shinde wa naranai – you mustn’t die
Ex 4. harau – to pay - becomes haratte
1. haratte iru – paying
2. haratte kudasai – please pay
3. haratte wa naranai – you had better not pay.
Ex 5. inoru – to pray – becomes inotte
1. inotte iru – praying
2. inotte kudasai – please pray
3. inotte wa naranai – its bad to pray here
Ex 6. utsu – to hit becomes utte
1. utte iru – hitting
2. utte kudasai – please hit
3. utte wa naranai - its bad to hit here
Ex 7. hataraku – to work – becomes hataraite
1. hataraite iru – working
2. hataraite kudasai – please work
3. hataraite wa naranai – it is forbidden for you to work.
Ex 8. oyogu – to swim – becomes oyoide
1. oyoide iru – swimming
2. oyoide kudasai – please swim
3. oyoide wa naranai – you shouldn’t swim around here
Ganbatte ne! Do your best
Makuarsuki Sensei yori,
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